World Sickle Cell Day 2025: Origin, significance… all to know
Stakeholders across the globe marks World Sickle Cell Day 2025.
Every year on June 19, the world marks World Sickle Cell Day—a day set aside to raise awareness about sickle cell disease (SCD), its impact on individuals and communities, and the urgent need for early detection, better care, and continuous advocacy.
This year, World Sickle Cell Day 2025 comes with a renewed call for “global action, local impact”, urging governments, health institutions, and communities to collaborate in reducing the burden of the disease and empowering those affected.
Origin of World Sickle Cell Day
World Sickle Cell Day was officially recognised by the United Nations General Assembly in 2008, with the first global observance taking place in 2009. The resolution was initiated following advocacy efforts led by African nations, particularly recognising the disproportionate impact of SCD in sub-Saharan Africa.
The date June 19 was chosen to commemorate the birth of Dr. James Herrick, the physician who first documented sickle-shaped cells in a patient in 1910. Since then, the date has become a symbolic moment to educate, advocate, and reflect on the challenges and progress in the fight against this life-threatening condition.
What Causes Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary blood disorder caused by a mutation in the gene that tells the body how to make hemoglobin—a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
In individuals with SCD, red blood cells become abnormally shaped like sickles or crescent moons, making them less flexible and more likely to stick to vessel walls, blocking blood flow. This leads to painful episodes known as sickle cell crises, organ damage, severe infections, and a reduced life expectancy if not properly managed.
SCD is inherited when both parents carry the sickle cell trait (HbAS). If both pass on the faulty gene, there is a 25% chance their child will have the disease. Although it can affect people worldwide, it is most prevalent among people of African, Middle Eastern, Indian, and Mediterranean descent.
The Significance of World Sickle Cell Day
World Sickle Cell Day holds profound significance for multiple reasons:
- Raising Awareness: Despite being one of the most common genetic diseases globally, many remain unaware of its risks, symptoms, and available treatments. The day serves as a powerful educational platform to bridge this knowledge gap.
- Reducing Stigma: In many communities, individuals with SCD face social discrimination due to myths and misconceptions. This global observance helps normalize conversations and promote compassion.
- Encouraging Genetic Screening: One of the key pillars of prevention is early screening and genetic counselling, especially for couples planning to have children. World Sickle Cell Day amplifies this message.
- Policy and Support: The day pushes governments and stakeholders to prioritise SCD in health policies, funding for research, and expansion of access to affordable treatment, including hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and in some cases, bone marrow transplants.
- Honouring Resilience: Perhaps most importantly, World Sickle Cell Day honours the resilience of millions who live with the disease, shedding light on their strength, creativity, and contribution to society.
As we mark World Sickle Cell Day 2025, let this moment inspire collective action—whether by donating blood, supporting awareness campaigns, or simply sharing stories. Behind the statistics are real people with real struggles and triumphs. By understanding the origin, recognising the cause, and reflecting on the significance, we become part of the movement to end needless suffering and build a world where sickle cell disease is no longer a silent burden.